Hola! Espero que estéis disfrutando de unas fantásticas vacaciones de verano.
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Check this website for amazing information about magnets and how we can use them:
The magnetic field of a bar magnet: a simple experiment with iron filings
Magnetic Fields
Bar Magnet
Horseshoe magnet
Magnetic Forces
Check these videos to learn more about magnets and magnetism:
The Earth's magnetic field is called the magnetosphere and extends from the geographical South Pole to the geographical North Pole of the Earth and into the space. We can imagine the centre of the Earth as a giant bar magnet with its magnetic north pole pointing to the geographical South Pole of the Earth. The magnetosphere extends all around the Earth and into space and it is very important because it deflects solar radiation that otherwise would destroy our atmosphere. The Earth's Magnetic field also allows us to navigate by using a compass.
We can imagine the Earth as a giant bar magnet in which the north pole points to the geographical South Pole
Watch this video to learn more about the Earth's Magnetic Field.
An experiment: How to make a compass
ELECTROMAGNETISM
Electricity and magnetism are two aspects of the same force, which is called electromagnetism. This connection was discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1820, when he noticed that his compass was affected when an electric current was switched on and off nearby. Here you have a video that replicates Oersted's experiment:
ELECTROMAGNETS
Here you have a basic electromagnet made from an iron rod
wrapped in coils of electric wire. When the electricity flows through the wire,
it turns the iron rod into an electromagnet. When the electricity is switched
off, the iron rod stops being magnetic.
How to make a powerful electromagmet: it lifts 5 Kg!
In English, we use comparative adjectives when we want to compare two objects, people or places; however, we use the superlative adjectives when we want to compare three or more items.
Chemical elements constitute all of the matter around and us.
The term "element" is used for atoms with a given number of protons (regardless of whether or not they chemically bonded, e.g. hydrogen in water) as well as for a pure chemical substance consisting of a single element (e.g. hydrogen gas).
When different elements are chemically combined, with the atoms held together by chemical bonds, they form chemical compounds.
Only a minority of elements (about 32 elements) are found on Earth in native uncombined forms as relatively pure minerals, including copper, silver, gold, carbon (as coal, graphite or diamonds) and sulphur.
However, almost all the other elements are usually found on Earth in chemically combined forms, as chemical compounds and mixtures. For example, atmospheric air is primarily a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, and native solid elements occur in alloys, such as the iron-nickel alloy.
118 elements have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. They are listed in the Periodic Table.
The Periodic Table is a way of listing the elements by the structure of their atoms. This includes how many protons they have as well as how many electrons they have in their outer shell. From left to right and top to bottom, the elements are listed in the order of their atomic number,which is the number of protons in their nucleus as well as the number of electrons in the electron cloud.
Each element has its own name and abbreviation in the periodic table. Some of the abbreviations are easy to remember, like H for hydrogen. Some are a bit difficult like Fe for iron or Au for gold. For gold the "Au" comes from the Latin word for gold: aurum".
It is called "periodic" because elements are lined up in horizontal rows from left to right according to their atomic number, and each row is called period. When they are lined up this way, elements in the columns have similar physical and chemical properties.
Each horizontal row in the table is a period. There are seven (or eight) total periods. The first one is short and only has two elements, hydrogen and helium. The sixth period has 32 elements.
Groups are the columns of the periodic table. There are 18 columns or groups and different groups have different properties.
One example of a group is the noble or inert gases. These elements all line up in the eighteenth or last column of the periodic table. They all have a full outer shell of electrons, making them very stable, so they tend not to react with other elements.
This lining-up and grouping of similar elements helps chemists when working with elements because they can understand and predict how an element might react or behave in a certain situation.
The periodic table was proposed by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Using the table, Mendeleev was able to accurately predict the properties of many elements before they were actually discovered.
Here you have a song to learn the elements:
If you want to learn more about the elements in the periodic table that constitute all matter around us, have a look at this book:
Learn ordinal numbers in English with these videos:
